BIAS
BIASES
BIAS
GENDER BIAS AND STEREOTYPES
TEST BIAS
CULTURAL TEST BIAS
BIAS LINKS
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SECTION 1
BIAS
Bias is an inclination of temperament outlook to present or hold a partial
perspective at the expense of (possibly equally valid) alternatives in
reference to objects, people, or groups. Anything biased generally is
one-sided and therefore lacks a neutral point of view. Bias can come in
many forms and is often considered to be synonymous with prejudice or
bigotry.
Cognitive bias
A cognitive bias is the human tendency to make systematic decisions in certain
circumstances based on cognitive factors rather than evidence. Bias arises from
various processes that are sometimes difficult to distinguish. These processes
include information-processing shortcuts, motivational factors, and social
influence. Such biases can result from information-processing shortcuts called
heuristics. They include errors in judgment, social attribution, and memory.
Cognitive biases are a common outcome of human thought, and often drastically
skew the reliability of anecdotal and legal evidence. It is a phenomenon studied
in cognitive science and social psychology. A cognitive bias also has the tendency
to make systematic decisions in certain situations.
Other aspects
Economic: when people/government interpret a law/contract in their favor for
economic reasons.
Inductive bias in machine learning.
Cultural bias: Interpreting and judging phenomena in terms particular to one's
own culture.
Racism, regionalism and tribalism: Judging people or phenomena associated with
people based on the race/ethnicity, region of origin, or tribe of the people,
rather than based on more objective criteria.
Sexism: Judging based on gender, rather than on more objective criteria.
Sensationalism: Favouring the exceptional over the ordinary. However this sentence
structure makes is sound like an appeal to popularity or normalcy fallacy. This is
actually a more complex problem, whereby, the proponent elevates the importance
the evidence to more subjects than it is relevant. This is accomplished by willful
bias, assumption or, putting conclusion ahead of evidence. In practice, this
includes emphasizing, distorting, or fabricating exceptional news stories to boost
popularity.
Funding bias in scientific studies also known as the agent-principle dilemma.
Medical bias is also known as a physician having a conflict of interest.
Bias
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias
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SECTION 2
GENDER BIAS
AND
STEREOTYPES
From a young age, children are consistently exposed to various forms of bias
and stereotyping, usually from their adult role models and from the media.
Many forms of gender discrimination are unintentional or easily overlooked
because biases are easily passed from one generation to the next.
As a result, children may be reluctant to test certain skills or try new hobbies
that they perceive to be gender specific. This month’s trial course explores how
and why gender identity develops and the ways in which gender stereotyping can
impact a child's psychological and social development. Students will learn to
identify the means by which children develop gender identity and the relevance
of brain development in relation to gender stereotypes. They will also learn
recommended strategies for promoting gender equality and equal opportunity in
the classroom, along with techniques for sharing information about gender
stereotypes with families.
Gender Bias and Stereotypes
http://news.yahoo.com/child-care-training-course-focuses-gender-bias-stereotypes-110227559.html
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SECTION 3
TEST
BIAS
In psychometrics test bias is said to occur when a test yields higher
or lower scores on average when it is administered to specific criterion
groups such as people of a particular race or sex than when administered
to an average population sample. Negative bias is said to occur when the
criterion group scores lower than average and positive bias when they
score higher.
The crux of the issue then is does this occur because there is a real
difference in the attribute being measured or is this due to cultural
test bias for example.
Test bias
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Test_bias
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SECTION 4
CULTURAL
TEST
BIAS
Cultural test bias is a form of test bias which occurs in psychometric
measurement when there are established differences in scores in different
populations which are more likely to reflect cultural difference rather
than differences in the variable being measured.
Cultural test bias
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Cultural_test_bias
Response
Bias
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Response_bias
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SECTION 5
BIAS
BIASES
LINKS
Avoiding Bias
http://www.truthpizza.org/logic/bias.htm
Bias
http://www.psychologytoday.com/basics/bias
Bias
http://www.frankwbaker.com/bias.htm
Cultural Bias in Testing
http://www.education.com/reference/article/cultural-bias-in-testing/
Liberal bias
http://www.conservapedia.com/Liberal_bias
Test Bias
http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Test_bias
Test Bias
http://www1.appstate.edu/~bacharachvr/test%20bias.pdf
Test Yourself For Hidden Bias
http://www.timegoesby.net/weblog/2005/08/test_yourself_f.html
Test Yourself for Hidden Bias
http://www.tolerance.org/activity/test-yourself-hidden-bias
The Top 50 Liberal Media Bias Examples
http://www.westernjournalism.com/top-50-examples-liberal-media-bias/
What is Bias?
http://ezinearticles.com/?What-is-Bias?&id=3995564
What is a Testing Bias?
http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifehack/study-tip-how-to-find-the-hidden-bias-in-a-test.html
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International Encyclopedia
of the Social &
Behavioral Sciences
https://www.sciencedirect.com/referencework/9780080430768/international-encyclopedia-of-the-social-and-behavioral-sciences
Help Guide.org
https://www.helpguide.org/
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