AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ASD
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL
DISORDER
April 2
World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD)
AUTISM
TYPES OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER ASD
FIVE AUTISM TYPES
STEREOTYPY
AUTISM LINKS
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SECTION 1
AUTISM
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social
interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and restricted and
repetitive behavior. Parents usually notice signs in the first two years
of their child's life. These signs often develop gradually, though some
children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal
pace and then regress. The diagnostic criteria require that symptoms
become apparent in early childhood, typically before age three.
Autism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism
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SECTION 2
TYPES OF
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
ASD
There are three different types of Autism Spectrum Disorders:
Autistic Disorder (also called "classic" autism)
This is what most people think of when hearing the word "autism." People
with autistic disorder usually have significant language delays, social
and communication challenges, and unusual behaviors and interests. Many
people with autistic disorder also have intellectual disability.
Asperger Syndrome
People with Asperger syndrome usually have some milder symptoms of autistic
disorder. They might have social challenges and unusual behaviors and
interests. However, they typically do not have problems with language or
intellectual disability.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS; also called "atypical autism")
People who meet some of the criteria for autistic disorder or Asperger syndrome,
but not all, may be diagnosed with PDD-NOS. People with PDD-NOS usually have
fewer and milder symptoms than those with autistic disorder. The symptoms might
cause only social and communication challenges.
Signs and Symptoms
ASDs begin before the age of 3 and last throughout a person's life, although
symptoms may improve over time. Some children with an ASD show hints of future
problems within the first few months of life. In others, symptoms might not
show up until 24 months or later. Some children with an ASD seem to develop
normally until around 18 to 24 months of age and then they stop gaining new
skills, or they lose the skills they once had.
A person with an ASD might:
Not respond to their name by 12 months
Not point at objects to show interest (point
at an airplane flying over) by 14 months
Not play "pretend" games (pretend to "feed" a
doll) by 18 months
Avoid eye contact and want to be alone
Have trouble understanding other people's feelings
or talking about their own feelings
Have delayed speech and language skills
Repeat words or phrases over and over (echolalia)
Give unrelated answers to questions
Get upset by minor changes
Have obsessive interests
Flap their hands, rock their body, or spin in circles
Have unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell,
taste, look, or feel
Types of ASD
https://www.asws.org/WhatisAutism.aspx
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SECTION 3
5 AUTISM
TYPES
Autism used to be the term used for anyone with that particular condition.
Today, there are several different sub categories for different levels of
disability or function. No two children diagnosed will be the same, but
there will be many things that they do have in common. With some high
functioning autistics most people may not even be aware that they have
autism, while others need assistance in almost any part of life, and they
are obviously living a very different life than other children. More is
being discovered about each of these different autism types as time goes on.
Asperger's Disorder
This type of autism is something that you hear more and more about.
These children are often misdiagnosed at first, and are thought to
have Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, or perhaps Attention Deficit
Disorder. These children are very unskilled with social interactions
and have problems with communicating. They have repetitive motions,
and are fixated on patterns of all types. They can have above average
language skills, though they don't use them well in social situations.
They are often clumsy, as motor skills are under developed. Those with
Asperger's are thought to have a talent that they focus on almost
exclusively, and are considered to be highly intelligent. Recent findings
indicate that Albert Einstein may have had this condition.
Kanner's Syndrome
(classic autistic disorder)
This particular type of autism was named after a Dr. Kanner. He described
and studied it in the 1930s and into the 1940s. This is the well-known
type of this condition that is very common. Those with Kanner's have very
limited emotional connection with anyone, and they are very into their own
little world. They want everything to be the same all of the time, and this
includes routine (sometimes down to the exact minute) clothing, food, and
television shows or movies. They can be deeply effected by noises, bright
lights and smells. They are generally considered to be low functioning, but
how well their mind works is largely unknown because of extremely poor social
and communication skills.
Pervasive Developmental Disorder
Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS).
This term is used to describe children who have most of the same symptoms as
classic autism. They will need the same interventions and help that autistic
children require. The differences between PDD-NOS and autism are minor and
usually only obvious to researchers and doctors.
Rett's Syndrome
Rett's is a rare and relatively little-known type of autism, and it seems to
only happen in girls. This branch of autism was first described by Dr. Rett.
These patients often have problems with muscle atrophy, and tend to do
repetitive hand motions. They area almost always mentally retarded to some
degree. These girls are very low functioning and will need care for most of
their lives. This particular type of autism has been diagnosed since the
sixties, but in the late 1990s a gene that might cause this condition was
found.
Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
This is also thankfully pretty rare and something that strikes children who
appear to have normal development from birth. Usually between two and four
years of age this changes. These children begin to regress, and often do not
potty train. They will lose the will and the ability to interact with other
children, and will lose an interested in play. They will also have problem
with the motor skills that were something they at one time had mastered.
They will stop talking, or their communication skills will regress to some
degree.
Though there are more autism types out there, these tend to be the most common.
They are all things that take parents by surprise, and each comes with their
own set of difficulties. Most children will need to be cared for long after
their peers have established independence, even though the will to be on their
own is very strong.
Five Autism Types
http://iser.com/resources/autism-types.html
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SECTION 4
STEREOTYPY
A stereotypy is a repetitive or ritualistic movement, posture, or utterance.
Stereotypies may be simple movements such as body rocking, or complex, such
as self-caressing, crossing and uncrossing of legs, and marching in place.
They are found in people with intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum
disorders, tardive dyskinesia and stereotypic movement disorder, but may
also be encountered in neurotypical individuals as well. Studies have shown
stereotypies associated with some types of schizophrenia. Frontotemporal
dementia is also a common neurological cause of repetitive behaviors and
stereotypies. Several causes have been hypothesized for stereotypy, and
several treatment options are available.
Stereotypy is sometimes called stimming in autism, under the hypothesis that
it self-stimulates one or more senses.[8] Related terms include punding and
tweaking to describe repetitive behavior that is a side effect of some drugs.
Among people with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, more than half (60%) had
stereotypies. The time to onset of stereotypies in people with frontotemporal
lobar degeneration may be years (average 2.1 years).
Stereotypy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereotypy
Snoezelen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoezelen
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SECTION 5
AUTISM
LINKS
Autism
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/autism/article_em.htm
Autism
https://www.webmd.com/brain/autism/understanding-autism-basics#1
Autism
http://www.informationheadquarters.com/Autism.shtml
Autism
http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/autism/overview.html
Autism
http://www.worldcampus.psu.edu/Autism.shtml
Autism
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/autism.htm
Autism
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1114780
Autism and Aspergers in the Family
http://autismandaspergersinthefamily.freeforums.org/index.php
Autism in Children
http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/exchange/node/1706
Autism Information Center
http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/index.htm
Autism Key
http://www.autismkey.com/
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The Autism Program
http://www.theautismprogram.org/
Autism Research Institute
http://www.autism.com/
Autism Resources
http://www.autism-resources.com/
The Autism Society of America
http://www.autism-society.org/
The Autistic Spectrum
http://stevens_mom.tripod.com/index.html
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/index.html
Autism Today
http://autismtoday.com/
Autism Women's Network
http://www.autismwomensnetwork.org/
Avoiding Unfortunate Situations
http://www.autismriskmanagement.com/
Childbrain.com - PDD
http://www.childbrain.com/pdd.shtml
First Signs
http://www.firstsigns.org/
Global Autism Project
http://www.globalautismproject.org/
The Parental Guide to Keeping Autistic Kids Safe
https://heysafety.com/autism-safety/
Pervasive Developmental Disorders
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/pdd/pdd.htm
Photo video library of stereotypic behavior in captive animals
http://www.aps.uoguelph.ca/~gmason/StereotypicAnimalBehaviour/library.shtml
Science of Autism
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=935523
Stereotypies of infancy and childhood
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1493013-overview
What Are the Different Types of Autism?
https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-autism-260611
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Human Body
http://amazingfacts4u.com/category/human-body/
Amazing Facts 4 U
http://amazingfacts4u.com/
Hesperian Health Guides
http://hesperian.org/
New Health Advisor
http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/
World Life Expectancy
http://www.worldlifeexpectancy.com/
Medicine Net
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/hp.asp
Medtube
https://medtube.net/
Medical Scientific animations
http://medical-animation-studio.com/MedicalAnimation.html
U.S. National Library of Medicine
https://www.nlm.nih.gov/
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