AFRICAN AMERICAN
AFRICAN-AMERICAM
BLACK
CLASS STRUCTURE
AFRICAN AMERICAN AND CLASS
AFRICAN AMERICAN MIDDLE CLASS
AFRICAN AMERICAN UPPER CLASS
RACIAL INEQUALITY IN THE UNITED STATES
AFRICAN AMERICAN CLASS STRUCTURE LINKS
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SECTION 1
AFRICAN AMERICAN
AND CLASS
Class identity in the Black community is complex and often confusing.
It cannot be evaluated by using measures identical to those used for
whites. If the white upper class is made up of captains of corporations,
there is no black equivalent. You might have the person who runs the
black insurance company, but that's not the same as Ford Motor company.
African Americans and Class
http://www.classmatters.org/identity/african_americans.php
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SECTION 2
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
MIDDLE CLASS
The African-American middle class consists of African Americans who
have middle-class status within the American class structure. It is
a societal level within the African American community that primarily
began to develop in the early 1960s, when the ongoing African-American
Civil Rights Movement led to the outlawing of de jure racial segregation.
The gains accrued by the Civil Rights Era is strongly correlated with the
emergence of a new black middle class.
African-American middle class
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_middle_class
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SECTION 3
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
UPPER CLASS
The African-American upper class consists of African American
professionals in fields such as law, medicine, business and
entertainment that have incomes that amount to $100,000 or more.
This class, sometimes referred to as the black upper class, the
African-American upper middle class or black elite, represents
less than 1 percent of the total black population in the United
States.
This group of African Americans has a history of organizations
and activities that distinguish it from other classes within the
black community as well as from the white upper class. Many of
these traditions, which have persisted for several generations,
are discussed in Lawrence Otis Graham’s 2000 book, Our Kind of
People: Inside America’s Black Upper Class.
African-American upper class
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Black_Upper_Class
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SECTION 4
RACIAL INEQUALITY
IN THE UNITED STATES
Racial inequality in the United States underlies a wide range of
societal issues that affect the life chances of different groups
disproportionately by race. There are vast differences in wealth
across racial groups in the United States. The wealth gap between
white and African-American families nearly tripled from $85,000 in
1984 to $236,500 in 2009. There are many causes, including years
of home ownership, household income, unemployment, and education,
but inheritance might be the most important.
Racial inequality in the United States
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_inequality_in_the_United_States
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SECTION 5
AFRICAN AMERICAN
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
CLASS STRUCTURE LINKS
African Americans
http://www.stateofworkingamerica.org/fact-sheets/african-americans/
African Americans and Classism
http://www.classism.org/african-americans-and-classism/
African Americans and Consumerism
https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/coolhtml/ccpres06.html
African American Data Links
http://www.census.gov/about/partners/cic/resources/data-links/african-american.html
The African American Middle Class
http://blackdemographics.com/households/middle-class/
African American Poverty
http://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/impact-of-hunger/african-american-hunger/african-american-hunger-fact-sheet.html
African American Poverty: Concentrated and Multi-Generational
http://www.epi.org/blog/african-american-poverty-concentrated-multi/
Analysis of The Two African Americans
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/race/economics/analysis.html
Black & African American Communities and Mental Health
http://www.mentalhealthamerica.net/african-american-mental-health
Black America and the Class Divide
http://https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/education/edlife/black-america-and-the-class-divide.html?_r=0
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Black Picket Fences
http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/649288.html
Black poverty differs from white poverty
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/08/12/black-poverty-differs-from-white-poverty/?utm_term=.80501d4a9698
Children in poverty by race and ethnicity
http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/tables/44-children-in-poverty-by-race-and-ethnicity#detailed/1/any/false/573,869,36,868,867/10,11,9,12,1,185,13/324,323
COMPREHENSIVE ADVOCACY for Low-Income
African American Men and Their Communities
http://cffpp.org/publications/Comp_advocacy.pdf
Ethnic and Racial Minorities & Socioeconomic Status
https://www.apa.org/pi/ses/resources/publications/minorities.aspx
Five Bleak Facts on Black Opportunity
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2015/01/15/five-bleak-facts-on-black-opportunity/
How Black Middle-Class Kids Become Poor Adults
http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/01/how-black-middle-class-kids-become-black-lower-class-adults/384613/
How Neighborhoods Affect Low-Income
African-American and Latino Youth
http://howhousingmatters.org/articles/how-neighborhoods-affect-low-income-african-american-and-latino-youth/
Hunger and Poverty in the African-American Community
http://www.bread.org/library/hunger-and-poverty-african-american-community
Land and the roots of African-American poverty
https://aeon.co/ideas/land-and-the-roots-of-african-american-poverty
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MIDDLE-CLASS AFRICAN AMERICANS
http://americanspeech.dukejournals.org/content/83/2/141.abstract
Middle-Class Black Families, in Low-Income Neighborhoods
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/25/upshot/middle-class-black-families-in-low-income-neighborhoods.html?_r=0
Much of Black America is Drowning in Poverty
http://www.thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=1580
The New African American Middle Class
https://www.jstor.org/stable/4407384?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Percentage of black families in the U.S. who
live below the poverty level from 1990 to 2015
https://www.statista.com/statistics/205059/percentage-of-poor-black-families--in-the-us/
Poverty and Racism Aren't the Same,
But Black People Are Getting Screwed by Both
http://gawker.com/poverty-and-racism-arent-the-same-but-black-people-are-1754950415
Poverty Rate by Race/Ethnicity
http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/poverty-rate-by-raceethnicity/?currentTimeframe=0
Promoting Physical Activity in Low
Income African Americans: Project LAPS
http://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/jhdrp/vol3/iss2/7/
Race and Class: African Americans in a Sick System
http://https://www.solidarity-us.org/node/2376
Study examines hunger and poverty in African American communities
https://wcmu.org/news/?p=21851
War on Poverty
http://www.blackpast.org/aah/war-poverty
Why Are Black Americans at Greater Risk of Being Poor?
http://www.newsweek.com/why-are-black-americans-greater-risk-being-poor-361543
Why is the poverty rate of African-Americans so
much greater than the overall rate in the US?
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-the-poverty-rate-of-African-Americans-so-much-greater-than-the-overall-rate-in-the-US
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Afro Kids
http://www.afrokids.com/
THE FREEMAN INSTITUTE
http://www.freemaninstitute.com/
Africa Resource
http://www.africaresource.com/
Real History World Wide
http://www.realhistoryww.com/
History Facts/Science Facts - Quatr.us
http://quatr.us/
African-American Resources
http://www.ushistory.org/more/african-american.htm
African American Studies Library Research Guide
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~savega/aframer.htm
African Music Encyclopedia
http://africanmusic.org/
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AFROPEDEA
http://www.afropedia.org
World Afropedia
http://worldafropedia.com/afropedia/Main_Page
African Indigenous Science and Knowledge Systems
http://www.africahistory.net/
Natives Wiki
http://tribalspedia.wikia.com/wiki/Natives_Wiki
Islamic Wiki
http://islam.wikia.com/
List of African mythological figures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_mythological_figures
Minority Treaties
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minority_Treaties
Sexism
http://www.understandingprejudice.org/
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AFRICAN AMERICAN INDEX
AFRICAN AMERICAN LINKS
AFRICAN STUDY
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AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN
AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN RESOURCES
AFRICAN NATIVE AMERICAN
AFRICAN NATIVE AMERICANS RESOURCES
DIASPORA
DIASPORA RESOURCES
THE PARADOXICAL COMMANDMENTS
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