EIGHT PRINCIPLES
OF INTEGRATED
PEST MANAGEMENT




The use of pesticides made it possible to increase yields, simplify
cropping systems, and forego more complicated crop protection strategies.

Over-reliance on chemical control, however, is associated with contamination
of ecosystems and undesirable health effects.


The European Union requires the application of eight principles (P) of Integrated
Pest Management that fit within sustainable farm management. Here, we propose to
farmers, advisors, and researchers a dynamic and flexible approach that accounts
for the diversity of farming situations and the complexities of agroecosystems and
that can improve the resilience of cropping systems and our capacity to adapt
crop protection to local realities.

For each principle (P), we suggest that

(P1) the design of inherently robust cropping systems using a combination of
agronomic levers is key to prevention.

(P2) Local availability of monitoring, warning, and forecasting systems is a
reality to contend with.

(P3) The decision-making process can integrate cropping system factors to
develop longer-term strategies.

(P4) The combination of non-chemical methods that may be individually less
efficient than pesticides can generate valuable synergies.

(P5) Development of new biological agents and products and the use of existing
databases offer options for the selection of products minimizing impact on
health, the environment, and biological regulation of pests.

(P6) Reduced pesticide use can be effectively combined with other tactics.

(P7) Addressing the root causes of pesticide resistance is the best way to
find sustainable crop protection solutions.

(P8) integration of multi-season effects and trade-offs in evaluation criteria
will help develop sustainable solutions.



Eight principles of
integrated pest management

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-015-0327-9



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The
National
Pest
Management
Association
NPMA

https://npmapestworld.org/




Insects
https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/plant-problems/pests/insects




How to
Manage
Pests

http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/r280301011.html




Bugwoodwiki
https://wiki.bugwood.org/Main_Page




Plant Pests
and Diseases

https://www.acsebooks.com/product-plant-pests-and-diseases-pdf-ebook-6069.aspx




GARDEN
IPM


Integrated
Pest
Management
(IPM)

https://extension.unh.edu/blog/garden-IPM




American Museum
of Natural History

https://www.amnh.org/




Global Biodiversity
Information Facility

http://www.gbif.org/




Insects
http://amazingfacts4u.com/category/insects/




Active
Wild

https://www.activewild.com/




National Pest
Management Association
NPMA

https://npmapestworld.org/




Animals and
Their Habitats

http://www.dpughphoto.com/index




Critter Catalog
http://www.biokids.umich.edu/critters/




The
Encyclopedia
of Life

http://eol.org/




The Xerces
Society

http://www.xerces.org/




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